Fig. 1 

Vha68-3 deletion leads to spermiogenesis and male fertility defects during testicular aging. A Schematic representation of generating Vha68-3 KO flies using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. B Comparison of male fertility between control and Vha68-3 KO flies at 2 days (n = 50 for control; n = 55 for KO) and 40 days (n = 60 for control; n = 60 for KO) of age. C DNA staining at the testicular apex of control and Vha68-3 KO groups at 2 days and 40 days of age. D Phase-contrast images of testes in control and Vha68-3 KO flies at 40 days of age. Yellow arrows indicate normal elongated spermatid clusters, while red arrows denote defective elongated spermatid clusters. E Incidence of dysmorphic testes in control and Vha68-3 KO groups at 40 days of age. Chi-squared (Fisher's exact) test; ***P < 0.001; scale bar: 50 μm