Fig. 1

An illustration of the pivotal role of Rho-cytoskeleton dynamics in viral infection processes. The Rho-GTP/Rho-GDP cycle serves as a critical regulatory hub, orchestrating cytoskeletal reorganization to maintain cellular morphology and structural integrity while facilitating essential physiological functions including intracellular trafficking, signal transduction, and cell division. During viral infection, this intricate cytoskeletal network undergoes dynamic remodeling through Rho protein activation, particularly in processes involving membrane deformation and intracellular transport mechanisms. The viral life cycle is fundamentally dependent on the coordinated interaction between viral particles, membrane receptors, and the Rho-cytoskeleton system. This tripartite interaction enables efficient viral entry into host cells, followed by precisely regulated intracellular transport. Subsequent viral uncoating and nucleic acid release into the cytoplasm or nucleus facilitate the production of viral transcription and translation products. These components are ultimately assembled into progeny virions, which are subsequently released for intercellular dissemination. Of particular significance is the cytoskeleton’s dual role in these processes, providing both the mechanical forces necessary for viral transport and the structural framework for intracellular movement. The Rho-mediated cytoskeletal reorganization not only supports viral replication but also contributes to the spatial organization of viral components within the host cell, ensuring efficient viral production and propagation