Fig. 7

Correlation analysis of gut microbiota with differential metabolites and lupus disease severity indices. A, B Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient heatmap. Correlation analysis between microbiota species abundance and specific metabolites (A). Correlation analysis between specific metabolites and lupus disease severity indices (B). R-values are indicated by colors: red squares for positive correlation, blue for negative, and darker shades for stronger correlations. The numbers in the heatmap cells indicate P-values. N = 4 per group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. C, D RDA analysis between microbiota species abundance and disease severity indices. Distribution of samples and lupus disease severity indices (C). The distribution of microbiota species and disease severity indices in RDA analysis are shown (D). The angle between the arrow and the ordination axis indicates correlation: acute for positive and obtuse for negative. N = 4 per group. E Schematic representation of species abundance association with specific metabolites and disease severity indices