Fig. 5

hUC-MSC transplantation modulates key gut microbiota and their interactions in 15-week-old MRL/lpr mice. A Random forest modeling was used to compare species profiles. B Taxonomic abundance Circos plot of species among all groups. The Circos taxonomy abundance diagram consists of two concentric circles showing sample groups and species classifications. The left side depicts sample groups color-coded in the outer ring. The inner ring displays the percentage of each species within the samples. On the right, the outer ring color bar represents different species, while the inner ring bar length indicates the species proportion, consistent with sample group colors. C Network diagram showing Spearman correlation analysis among key gut microbiota at the species level. Circular nodes represent species abundance, with larger nodes indicating higher abundance. Red lines indicate positive correlations, blue lines indicate negative correlations, and thicker lines denote stronger correlations. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001