Table 1 Summary of MAM proteins and their functions and related abnormalities

Mfn2

Mfn1, Opa1

MAM tethering, MQC

ER membrane, OMM

Cisplatin-induced acute kidney disease, sepsis-associated intestinal injury, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, NAFLD, T2DM, diabetic nephropathy, CMT2A

[19, 36, 37, 40, 43, 44]

TpMs

Mfn2

MAM anti-tethering, mitochondrial fragmentation

Mitochondria, cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, desmosomes

Breast cancer, colon cancer

[47,48,49, 229]

Fis 1

BAP31, Drp1

Apoptosis, mitochondrial fragmentation, mitophagy

OMM, peroxisome

AD, citrinin-caused intestinal damage

[51, 52, 54, 230]

PACS2

BAP31, calnexin

MAM integrity, movement of cargo proteins, Ca²⁺ flux

ER membrane, MAM

DEE66

[9, 56]

VAPB

PTPIP51

Ca²⁺ flux

ER membrane, MAM

ALS

[57]

IP3R

Grp-75, VDAC, Ero1α

Ca²⁺ flux, MAM tethering

Smooth ER, MAM, OMM

ALS, AD

[58, 62, 231]

FUNDC1

Drp1, Fis1, calnexin

Mitochondrial fragmentation, mitophagy

OMM

AD, PD

[64, 232]

Miga

Vap33

MAM formation

OMM, ER membrane

ALS

[74]

Cav-1

Mfn2, Drp1

Mitochondrial elongation

PM, MAM

Breast cancer

[162]

NLRP3

Undergo oligomerization

Inflammasome formation

MAM

Ulcerative colitis, depression, wound healing

[81,82,83]

PDZD8

Counter protein not known yet

MAM tethering, nonvesicular lipid transport

ER membrane

T2DM

[84, 85]

SYNJ2BP

E-Syt1, RRBP1

MAM tethering, Ca²⁺ flux

ER membrane

ALS

[84]