Fig. 1

CHD8 deficiency causes effector T cell-mediated inflammatory disorders. A–C WT and Chd8^−/− mice were sacrificed at around 4–5 weeks old. Photos of mice A, spleens B, and their weights (right) are shown. Scale bars equal 1 cm or 2 cm, as indicated. WT: three males + two females; Chd8^−/−: two males + two females. Mouse tissues, as indicated, were processed for H&E staining. Representative images are shown (C). The magnified views of skin and lung are also shown on the right of the original images, with red arrows pointing to the infiltrating leukocytes (scale bars equal 100 µm or 200 µm, as indicated). D–E Freshly isolated splenocytes were stained for CD4, CD8, CD62L, and CD44, followed by FACS analysis. Representative dot plots of CD62L and CD44 staining gated on CD4⁺ (D) or CD8⁺ (E) cells are shown (left). The percentages of CD44⁺ cells are shown in bar graphs (right). F Splenocytes were stimulated with PMA plus ionomycin for 5 h, with BD GolgiPlug™ added during the last 2 h. The cells were collected for surface staining of CD4 and CD8 and intracellular cytokine staining for IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-13, and/or IL-17, gated on CD4⁺ or CD8⁺cells, as indicated. Representative dot plots (upper) and percentages of cytokine positive CD4⁺ or CD8⁺ cells in bar graphs (lower) are shown. Results in bar graphs (D–F) represent mean plus standard deviation (SD) (WT: five males + five females; Chd8^−/−: three males + five females). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 versus WT control group