Fig. 9

Enhancer-specific modulation of ZFAS1 by CSC. A Schematic depiction demonstrating putative enhancer-like regulatory element region for ZFAS1. The numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4 indicate the primer positions for the formaldehyde-assisted isolation of regulatory elements (FAIRE) assay to characterize upstream regulatory elements of ZFAS1. B Quantitative FAIRE analysis for mapping the regulatory elements of ZFAS1 identified significant specific amplification signals in primer 2 and 3 positions compared with negative signals from primer 1 and 4 sites, demonstrating that the narrow genetic region (40–41 kb upstream from TSS of ZFAS1) is the potential enhancer for ZFAS1. C, D qChIP analysis demonstrating increased levels of H3K4me1 and H3K27ac (histone activation marks) in the putative enhancer of ZFAS1 in SAEC and Calu-6 cells following CSC exposure. Data are mean ± SEM; T-test; n = 3; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01