Fig. 4

Evaluation of wound re-epithelialization and blood vessel formation. A The HE staining of the skin wound of diabetic mice on day 7 post-wounding was constructed; the dashed line is the boundary between epidermis and dermis; E is the epidermis, and D is the dermis. Scale bar = 200 μm. B Quantitative analysis of epithelialization in wound tissue 7 days after different treatments. C Evaluation of collagen maturity by staining wounds with Masson’s trichrome following different treatments 2 weeks post-wounding. Scale bar = 50 μm. D Quantitative analysis of collagen in wound tissue 14 days after different treatments. E Representative images of tissue sections from patients with diabetic ulcers immunostained for CD31 (green) and α-SMA (red). scale = 100 μm. F Quantitative analysis of capillary density in wound tissue after different treatments. All experiments were performed in triplicate and were repeated three times to confirm the findings (*p < 0.05). Data represent mean ± SD, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 versus control; ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01, ^###p < 0.001 versus DM