Fig. 7
From: Exposure of A2E to blue light promotes ferroptosis in the retinal pigment epithelium
Proposed mechanisms of blue light-mediated ferroptosis in RPE cells in response to A2E. Exposure of A2E-accumulating RPE cells to blue light disrupts iron homeostasis and the function of system Xc−, which leads to an elevation in intracellular Fe2+ levels and an obvious reduction of GSH levels, respectively. In addition to generating ROS, GSH depletion inactivates GPX4. Likewise, increases in the level of Fe2+ cause ROS production through the Fenton reaction. GPX4 repression and ROS overproduction trigger lipid peroxidation, ultimately resulting in ferroptotic cell death