Fig. 1

Blue light induces ferroptosis in A2E-loaded ARPE-19 cells. A and B Cell viability and cellular morphology were assessed using MTS assay and light microscopy, respectively. ARPE-19 cells were incubated with A2E (25 and 50 μM) for 48 h and then exposed to blue light for 30 min, followed by 24 h of incubation. C−F ARPE-19 cells were incubated for 48 h with 25 μM A2E and illuminated by blue light for 30 min, followed by 24 h of incubation. C FeRhoNox-1 staining (n = 3). D H2DCFDA staining (n = 3). E Lipid peroxidation (n = 3). F Western blot analysis of SLC7A11 and GPX4 (n = 3). Scale bars in B−D, 20 μm. Scale bars in E, 10 μm