Fig. 5

Atg5 deficiency promotes 4HNE production in renal tubules in the acute injury phase of AKI. WT and PT-atg5 KO mice were subjected to a sham operation or bilateral renal ischemia/reperfusion, and the kidneys were collected at the indicated time points for immunofluorescence analysis of 4HNE, a biomarker of oxidative stress. A Representative immunofluorescence staining images with the 4HNE antibody (red). The cell nuclei were labeled with DAPI (blue). Proximal renal tubules were stained with LTL (green). Scale bars, 20 μm. B Quantification of the 4HNE positive stained areas (n = 6). The values are expressed as mean ± SD, * Indicates a significant difference from the sham groups; # indicates a significant difference from the relevant wild-type group. # or *P < 0.05, ## or **P < 0.01, ### or ***P < 0.001, #### or ****P < 0.0001