Fig. 4

Regulatory mechanisms of MUC1 in genitourinary cancers. A Proposed models of MUC1 function in renal cell carcinoma epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, and invasion. B Proposed models of MUC1 function in bladder cancer EMT, metastasis, adherence, and cisplatin resistance. C Proposed models of MUC1 function in prostate cancer epigenetic reprogramming, EMT, stemness, NE phenotype, cancer stem cell (CSC) state, and immunosuppression