Fig. 5

Schematic representation of the hPSC-based approaches for modeling monogenic diabetes caused by GCK mutations. Modeling monogenic diabetes (MD) caused by GCK mutations can be achieved by utilizing human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). One approach entails introducing GCK mutations or knocking out the GCK gene using gene editing tools on preexisting hPSC lines (1). Alternatively, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be generated from patients with GCK mutations (patient-iPSCs), followed by correcting the mutation using genome editing tools (2). These hPSC lines can then be differentiated into β-cells and liver cells to study the impact of the mutation or edited gene on the development and function of the β-cells and liver cells