Fig. 5

ESRRA overexpression affects mitochondrial function in Aβ1-42-stimulated SH-SY5Y cells. a Representative fluorescence images of JC-1 in SH-SY5Y cells. JC-1 aggregates (red) and monomers (green) distributions after loading with JC-1 (1 μg/ml) probes. Scale bars, 100 μm. b Ratios of the fluorescence intensities of JC-1 labelling. JC-1 aggregates and JC-1 monomers were measured by average cell fluorescence intensity by fluorescence microscopy. c Representative fluorescence images of MMP in SH-SY5Y cells. DAPI (blue) and MitoTracker (red). Scale bars, 100 μm. d, e Quantification of MMP using MitoTracker-Red fluorescent probes. The MMP was measured by average cell fluorescence intensity by fluorescence microscopy (d) and fluorescence light intensity tested by fluoresce microplate reader (e). f Representative fluorescence images of mitochondrial levels of ROS in SH-SY5Y cells. DAPI (blue) and MitoSox (red). Scale bars, 100 μm. g, h Quantification of mitochondrial ROS levels using MitoSox-Red fluorescent probes. The ROS level was measured by average cell fluorescence intensity by fluorescence microscopy (g) and fluorescence light intensity tested by fluoresce microplate reader (h). e, h Data are presented as the mean ± S.E. The experiment had three independent biological replicates (Kruskal-Wallis test). *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001. b, d, g Data were presented as the mean ± S.E. The experiment had three independent biological replicates (One-way ANOVA); *P < 0.05; ****P < 0.0001