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Fig. 2 | Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters

Fig. 2

From: The role of proinflammatory cytokines and CXC chemokines (CXCL1–CXCL16) in the progression of prostate cancer: insights on their therapeutic management

Fig. 2

A List of cytokines that trigger both chronic and acute inflammation. B A diagram illustrating how acetylation of Krüppel‐like factor 5 (KLF5) promotes osteoclast formation by transcriptionally activating CXCR4, which in turn increases IL-11 production. This results in metastasis to the bones. Heavy acetylation of the KLF5 transcription factor in the bone microenvironment causes bone metastatic lesions by stimulating the CXCL12/CXCR4 chemokine axis and additional paracrine signaling pathways, such as those of IL-11 and soluble HH (SHH). This mechanism could have an impact on the detection and management of PCa bone metastases

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