Fig. 2

Mutual regulation of mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics. Initially, PINK1, a pivotal protein in mitophagy, directly phosphorylates DRP1 and MFN2, facilitating the activation of both mitochondrial fission and fusion. Moreover, phosphorylated MFN2 functions as a receptor for Parkin, subsequently initiating mitophagy. Furthermore, any mitochondrial breakage or swelling arising from irregularities in mitochondrial fusion or fission prompts the activation of mitophagy, ensuring the sustenance of a healthy mitochondrial network